{"id":1130,"date":"2014-11-07T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-07T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/%20rroma.org\/07-11-2014-rroma-as-losers-of-the-1989-turnaround\/"},"modified":"2022-07-26T13:57:08","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T12:57:08","slug":"07-11-2014-rroma-as-losers-of-the-1989-turnaround","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/07-11-2014-rroma-as-losers-of-the-1989-turnaround\/","title":{"rendered":"07.11.2014 Rroma as losers of the 1989 turnaround"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\">Mappes-Niediek (2014) \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\treports on marginalised Rroma in Romania, Bulgaria and Macedonia. He emphasises \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthat it is not primarily the repeatedly criticised discrimination, but primarily \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthe economic exclusion, the sometimes poor qualifications or the lack of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\trelationships in the world of employment that keep Rroma marginalised. However, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\the disregards that there are Rroma who are well educated, but are not perceived \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tas members of the minority. Also, not all Rroma have many children, as the Rromni \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\the portrays<em>: \u201cAs the world suddenly began \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tto spin faster, Elena Costache was 34 years old. She lived with her husband and \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnine children in a house with four rooms in the Bucharest district Ferentari. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tShe had a steady job in a bindery, where she packed the shipping goods. Then everything \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twent quickly. The bindery was forced to close. Her husband also lost his<\/em> <em>job [&#8230;]. That they are Roma or, as they \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsay here, \u021aigani \u2013 Gypsies \u2013 for Elena, Cristina and Gheorghe is not worth a \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthought, besides their many problems. Nevertheless, their fate has to do with \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttheir ethnicity \u2013 though not as the simplifiers try to make believe. [&#8230;] \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter the turnaround, the number of jobs fell to less than a half. Million \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tindustrial workers were attracted from the cities to the countryside, where the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstate refunded them the house with a hectare of arable land, which had once \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbelonged to their grandparents. Many remained there and still live almost \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twithout money, only living from their plots. About ten percent of the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpopulation got nothing from the land distribution. Not because they wanted to \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdiscriminate against them, but because even their grandparents didn\u2019t have any. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Roma were slaves in Romania since the Middle Ages, and were not allowed to \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\town land.\u201d <\/em>Mappes-Niediek show that it is no general racism, which keeps \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthe excluded Rroma at the margins of society, but that it is a combination of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsometimes historically low professional qualifications with an economic \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmarginalisation, which makes it difficult to break out of the spiral of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpoverty. However, it must be emphasized that Mappes-Niediek only portrays the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmarginalised Rroma, and therefore mistakenly equates the minority with an underclass. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHowever, Rroma in South-eastern Europe \u2013 with the exception of Romania \u2013have \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbeen integrated for centuries and are found in all professions. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mappes-Niediek, Norbert (2014) Unter \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVerlierern: F\u00fcr die osteurop\u00e4ischen Roma wurde die Wende zur Katastrophe. In: <em style=\"font-family: Arial;\">S\u00fcdwestpresse online <\/em>vom 5.11.2014. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.swp.de\/ulm\/nachrichten\/politik\/Unter-Verlierern-Fuer-die-osteuropaeischen-Roma-wurde-die-Wende-zur-Katastrophe;art4306,2881385\" style=\"font-family: Arial;\">http:\/\/www.swp.de\/ulm\/nachrichten\/politik\/Unter-Verlierern-Fuer-die-osteuropaeischen-Roma-wurde-die-Wende-zur-Katastrophe;art4306,2881385<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mappes-Niediek (2014) reports on marginalised Rroma in Romania, Bulgaria and Macedonia. He emphasises that it is not primarily the repeatedly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[601,14,15,630,605],"tags":[92,63,24,23,133],"class_list":["post-1130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulgaria","category-news-eastern-europe","category-news-western-europe","category-north-macedonia","category-romania","tag-discrimination","tag-racism","tag-roma","tag-rroma","tag-stereotypes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10998,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions\/10998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rroma.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}