The \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\truthless expulsion of a fifteen year old Gypsy girl to Kosovo, a girl who lived \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twith her family for five years in France, drew added attention to the migration \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpolicies of that country. The girl was picked up during a school trip by the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpolice and taken directly to the airport. The uncompromising internal politics \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tof the interior minister Valls has led to severe tensions within the Socialist party. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMany exponents of the party have accused President Hollande to continue a \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpolicy similar to that of his predecessor Nicolas Sarkozy and to tolerate \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tManual Valls as a \u201csarkozy like prefect\u201d. Meanwhile in Paris, a demonstration \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twith a few thousand participants demonstrated against the deportation of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLeonarda Dibrani and French immigration policies (Lehnartz 2013). In an \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinterview with Euro News (2013) Dibrani suggests that Kosovo is not her home \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnow. Her whole life, her future, is in France. She does not understand the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmigration policy of the socialist government. In spite of the controversial policies, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tManuel Valls remains the most popular minister\u00a0 of the Socialist party according to surveys. The right-wing \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNational Front has seen a massive increase of voters in recent months.<\/p>\n
Despic – \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPopovic (2013) trace the historical context of the relationship of Kosovo and \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tits Rroma, a theme of greater public interest in the background of the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\texpulsion of Leonarda Dibrani. She notes that before the Kosovo War in 1999, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tabout 100,000 Rroma lived there[1]<\/a>, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttoday there are still around 30,000. Unemployment and exclusion are daily occurrences. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRroma are regularly accused of having collaborated with the Serbian regime, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbecause several Rroma buried the victims of the Serbian army as gravediggers. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith the recognition of Kosovo as an independent state in 2010, many exiled \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKosovars, including many Rroma have been forced to return to Kosovo. The \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdeportees, among them many children, often do not speak either the two official \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlanguages \u200b\u200bof Kosovo (Serbian or Albanian), rendering inclusion in the school \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsystem more difficult. In addition, access to the labour market and to health \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcare is far from assured for minorities. The UN High Commission for Refugees \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tand Amnesty International, have called for a permanent international protection \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfor Rroma.<\/p>\n Atlantico \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(2013) takes a critical look at the social integration of Rroma in Kosovo. Since \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tindependence in 2008, Kosovo has been criticised by human rights organizations \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfor its violation of the rights of minorities. Discrimination, its resulting \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpoverty, and internal displacement are widespread. Wanda Troszczynska of Human \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRights Watch states: \u201cLes pays \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\teurop\u00e9ens renvoient les gens les plus vuln\u00e9rables du Kosovo vers une situation \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tde discrimination, d’exclusion, de pauvret\u00e9 et de d\u00e9placement \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur de \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleur propre pays d’origine.\u201d<\/em> [European \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcountries send most vulnerable people back to Kosovo towards a situation of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdiscrimination, exclusion, poverty and travel within their own country.]<\/em><\/p>\n Le \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCarboulec (2013) adds that the deportation of Leonarda Dibrani and her family \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tto the highlights whole question of dealing with asylum seekers in France. Is \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tit appropriate to \u201csurgically\u201d to identify and remove people without papers? \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Rroma are therefore once again the focal point of French politics with \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tregard to the treatment of minorities, undocumented migrants and foreigners in \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tgeneral.<\/p>\n Akerman \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(2013) and thirty other people take the French society made a statement in \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twriting in Mediapart about Manuel Valls\u2019 statements about Rroma. The signatories \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstate their great concern about the denigration of Rroma by the French Minister \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tof the Interior and demand a more respectful handling of the members of this \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tethnic minority. She herself, as a lesbian, and also gay, bisexual, transsexual \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tor transgender have always had to justify their identity of course wrongly so, in \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthe course of their biography. The Socialist Party should not degenerate into a \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmere appendage of the UMP but must rely on its socialist values: \u201cLes probl\u00e8mes roms ont des noms \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tparfaitement connus et nullement originaux : ils s\u2019appellent droit au travail, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdroit au logement, pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, stigmatisation, honte et pauvret\u00e9. Ce n\u2019est pas \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnous qui sommes id\u00e9alistes, c\u2019est ce gouvernement, son ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tson Premier ministre, et celui qui les a nomm\u00e9s, qui sont racistes.\u201d [Roma problems are well known and not original: they are called right \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tto work, right to housing, insecurity, stigma, shame and poverty. It is not we \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twho are idealistic, it is the government, the Minister of the Interior, the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrime Minister, and he who appointed them, who are racist.]<\/em><\/p>\n Francis \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChouat (2013), the mayor of Evry takes a position in Le Monde on Valls \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcontroversial statements. As mayor, his perspective requires him to take pragmatic \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsolutions about the concerns of his citizens. In the case of Rroma, this means \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthat one must looks straight at the truth. Chouat believes that most of the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRroma living in the illegal settlements live in conditions of exploitation or as \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpart of mafia networks. They therefore have virtually no power to act own or \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tare involved in criminal activities: \u201cLa \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tv\u00e9rit\u00e9, c’est d’abord la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 regarder en face. Ce sont les conditions de \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvie dans les campestratus ment, totalement indignes, les enfants en danger, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsouvent exploites – comme beaucoup de femmes – par of r\u00e9seaux mafieux. Ce sont \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taussi les vols et les Trafics organis\u00e9s. […] La v\u00e9rit\u00e9, c’est donc dire que \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tle claire ment of d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement campestratus ment est un imp\u00e9ratif. Un pour les \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\timp\u00e9ratif Riverains comme pour la roms dignit\u00e9 of populations.\u201d[The truth is, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfirst look at reality. These are the living conditions in the camps, totally \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tunworthy, children at risk, often exploited – like many women – by criminal \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnetworks. There is also the trafficking and organized theft. […] The truth is \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tit clear that dismantling these settlements is a must. An imperative for local \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tresidents as to the dignity of the Roma population.] <\/em>Chouat aligns himself \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tto a governmental police way of looking at Rroma, to the eviction of camps which \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\the thus legitimises. The possibility that the Rroma living in camps might \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsimply settle there because of poverty and lack of alternatives is negated. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInstead questionable ideas about intra-ethnic clan structures and relations of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\texploitation are dished to legitimise intervention.<\/p>\n Mouillard \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(2013) addresses the question of where the EU\u2019s 50 billions earmarked for the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRroma integration went. On one hand, the EU support is divided into three pots: \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthe European Social Fund, the European Development Fund and the Cohesion Fund. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrom these three funds in turn only a fraction will benefit Rroma. The actual \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\texpenditure for the integration of Rroma is difficult to track because the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrench Household Statistics do not work with ethnic categories. The integration \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tprojects named by Mouillard thereafter refer to travellers, people living in \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tghettoes or marginalised ones as in the case of housing projects. Another \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tproblem lies in the fact that EU countries only use a fraction of their \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tassigned money from three funds effectively: \u201cM\u00eames faiblesses en Hongrie, o\u00f9 40% \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdes fonds sont d\u00e9pens\u00e9s, ou encore en Bulgarie (20%). Une pr\u00e9cision tout de \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm\u00eame : cet argent n\u2019est pas perdu. Il retourne dans les caisses de Bruxelles, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tau titre de la r\u00e8gle du \u00abd\u00e9gagement d\u2019office.\u00bb<\/em>\u201d [Same \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tweaknesses in Hungary, where 40% of the funds are spent, or in Bulgaria (20%). \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAccuracy though: the money is not lost. It is returned to the coffers of \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBrussels, under the rule of “decommitment.”] <\/em>Another problem lies \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tin the administrative and organizational hurdles, making the access to the \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfunds more difficult.<\/p>\n\n