Category Archives: News Eastern Europe

19.04.2013 Police Violence against Rroma in Hungary

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The prosecutor of the southern Hungarian Baranya County counts five suits of local Rroma against the police. The plaintiffs accuse the police of Sellye to have beaten them during interrogations and extorted confessions out of them. The complaints of the Rroma have been made possible only through the support of lawyers of the St. Martin – Caritas Foundation. In addition, the prosecutor himself was sued for failing to act (Pester Lloyd, 2013).

Source:

  • Pester Lloyd (2013) Polizeigewalt gegen Roma in Ungarn: Anwälte erstreiten Ermittlungen. In: Pester Lloyd vom 16.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Relocation of Rroma Settlement in France

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20minutes (2013) reports on the relocation of illegal Roma settlement. The inhabitants, who, according to the newspaper, managed to settle down successfully in the new location, criticized the lack of cooperation from the authorities. There was a clear discrepancy between the promises of the politicians and the executing officials. The cooperative Latcho Rom stated: „[On regrette]  décalage entre le discours du maire et l’application par le service qui gère les campements. On ne comprend pas le temps que ça nécessite pour faire quelque chose qu’on a envie de faire“. [We regret the discrepancy between the mayor’ statements and the execution by the service responsible for the settlements.  We do not understand the time it takes to achieve something we all want to do.]

Leclerc (2013) reports on the resettlement of Roma families in Ris-Orangis, a suburb of Paris. The prefect responsible must appear in court as when clearing this Rroma settlement, he went against EU law. Accordingly the law, the Prefect should have provided alternative lodgings for the victims and an overall socially acceptable solution, but that did not happen. If the ruling goes against the mayor, the state will be forced to pay the affected people 75 Euro per day and person. At the same time, the mayor of Mont d’Hautmont, Joël Wilmotte protested vehemently against the plan to build a Roma settlement in his district.

In the Rhone-Alpes region, the local Ombudsman Jean-François Carenco was condemned by a judgment of the Court of Lyon, on April 4th, to find a re-accommodation for evicted Rroma. He had previously preferred to pay 75 euro per day as compensation instead of finding them a proper accommodation. In the first three months of 2013, about four thousand Rroma in France were forced to leave their homes due to foreclosures and about a thousand because of aggression against their houses or because of fires (Le Monde, 2013).

Midi Libre (2013) give the conservative Marie Le Pen a voice: The losing presidential candidate criticized the French government for his Rroma policy. The state is being blackmailed by Rroma who are deliberately setting their settlements on fire to get new houses and lodging from the state for free. This representation of Ms. Le Pen can only be described as absurd and racist. The Rroma have no interest to discriminate against themselves and chases themselves away.

France 3 (2013) reports on the forced resettlement of Rroma in Fontaine. The affected families had previously wintered in mobile homes provided for free that are now dismantled. The families were not informed of the impending removal of the containers and now have problems to organize new accommodations on the fly. Three of them were sent to hospital in Grenoble, where they are seeking asylum, more in the direction of l’Isle d’Abeau. Most of them do not want to leave the temporary living quarters.

Vincent (2013) reported on the controversial and contradictory attitude of the French state towards the Rroma communities in France. The Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault has written a position paper that requires the reduction of forced evictions of Rroma settlements,  a paper signed by seven other ministers. With the end of the winter grace period at the end of March, the problem of the settlements will now again be a key topic. The debate in the position paper focuses on the question of the integration of Rroma. A decree requires the prefects wanting to evict Rroma settlement to send qualified personnel to evaluate the integration “potential” of the local Rroma. This should avoid violent evictions without successful relocation or at least reduce them to a minimum. The application of the new procedure varied quite a lot. Sometimes the evaluation had been made, sometimes not, and sometimes right before the evictions. The diagnosis should allow to better integrate individual Rroma in the workforce and in public institutions. Liberal find the focus on Rroma exaggerated and one-sided. Others ask for more patience and money regarding the successful integration of Rroma, which could take many years to complete and thus state that for that very reason, such settlements should be tolerated. A third group considers it imperative to evict the Rroma and clear the settlements in order to force Rroma to a faster respect of municipal laws.

Besse (2013) reported of a trial in a school in Madeleine to introduce a class for non-scholarised Rroma children. The plan was met neither by a categorical rejection nor by open enthusiasm on the parents’ side. However, two leading local politicians disagree. The school administration is decidedly for the introduction of a class and thus hopes to contribute to a better integration of this ethnic group. The school administration declared:

La direction a souhaité rassurer les parents présents, qui ont pu faire part de leurs inquiétudes, et a rappelé que tout enfant présent sur le sol français avait droit à une scolarisation, explique le groupement. Cette classe d’insertion peut être une chance pour apprendre à connaître l’autre et mieux vivre ensemble. Nous remercions la direction de sa participation à cette réunion. [The school director would like to reassure the present parents who had the opportunity to share their concerns, and stated that every child present on French soil was entitled to an education, says the group. This insertion class can be a chance to get to know each other better and live together. We thank the management of its participation in this meeting.]

Sources:

  • France 3 (2013) Fin de trêve hivernale : Les associations dénoncent les conditions de “déménagement” des Roms de Fontaine. In: France 3 vom 16.4.2013.
  • Ighirri, Alexia (2013) Du mieux pour les Roms, mais… In: 20minutes France vom 18.4.2013. 
  • Le Monde (2013) Le préfet du Rhône se résout à reloger les Roms expulses. In: Le Monde vom 10.4.2013.
  • Leclerc, Jean-Marc (2013) Les préfets contraints de reloger les Roms. In: Le Figaro vom 14.4.2013.
  • Midi Libre (2013) Marine Le Pen reproche à nouveau à l’Etat de se laisser abuser par les Roms. In: Midi Libre vom 17.4.2013.
  • Vincent, Elise (2013) Schizophrénie gouvernementale sur les Roms. In: Le Monde vom 6.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Rroma Debate in Germany

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In the context of the ongoing debate in Germany about Rroma,  DerWesten (2013) reports about the Rroma situation in the Balkans. In the course of the debate, some centre-right politicians have expressed the fear that large crowds of poverty migrants from Romania and Bulgaria would flood Germany. Key to the debate discussion on the freedom of establishment between Germany and the new EU member states Romania and Bulgaria due to come in force at the beginning of 2014. The journalist visited the Rroma settlement of Fakulteta in the Bulgarian capital Sofia. He presents the common image of misery in a suburban ghetto where there is much suffering and little prospects for the future. He cites young men looking for better living conditions in Western Europe, mainly in because they are marginalized in Bulgaria itself, and often cannot engage in any remunerated work. The Rroma settlement is also misused by local business as an illegal landfill, where they unload their trash next to the houses and huts of the Rroma. In addition, lack of sanitation leads to disease, especially among children. The journalist asks about the truth of the feared mass immigration due to poverty and concludes that it is not the case, referring to the low numbers of migrants quoted by the European Union and the Central Council of German Sinti and Rroma.

Neverthelss, the journalist of DerWesten fails to paint a differentiated picture of Rroma in the Balkans. He also falls into the pitfall of misery stereotypes and the portrayal of a parallel world. At the end, he tells of his encounter with a Rrom who runs a transport company, and who is angry at the lack of representation of integrated Rroma in the media. This remains a marginal statement in this article otherwise dominated by a presentation of misery:

The sun is slowly setting on Fakulteta. […] Some men are standing in a circle around two fighting dogs. With shouts, they fire the dogs and they pounce on each other head-on. For foreigners it seems required to leave the this place with the incoming darkness. Almost 400 kilometres to the northwest, right in the middle of the Serbian capital Belgrade, one finds the notorious Roma settlement of Belvil. There are no brick and mortar houses, no cars, no horses. Only crooked huts made of everything that can be found. And tons of waste.

Source:

  • DerWesten (2013) Niemand will sie haben. – Reise zu den Roma auf dem Balkan. In: DerWesten vom 17.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Rroma in Lausanne

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Maspoli (2013) reports on an elderly woman in Lausanne, who, during the cold winter months, supplied a Rroma family living in the street for 35 days with clothing and food. The pensioner was worried about the family, consisting of the parents, two sons and a pregnant daughter in law. After about a month, in December, the family told the pensioner that they wanted to go back to Romania and broke off all contacts. A month later, the woman discovered the family begging in the city centre, again in poor clothes. She feels betrayed. A friend of her had also given money to the family, money that had been used to repay debt to a usurer in Romania and for paying the smugglers for the travel between Romania and Switzerland.

The article is written in a very one-sided manner and presents an unbalanced view on Rroma, representing them as sneaky and unreliable. Such articles contribute to the negative view of society on Rroma and can only be described as unfortunate.

Bourgeoise (2013) reports on the views of the organization Opre Rrom that questions the existence of beggar networks among Rroma. Money earned begging is very rarely handed to mafia-like networks, and is rather intended for their own families in Eastern Europe. The debate about Rroma networks is similar to the current discussions in Germany about Rroma kings and strong self-oppression among the Rroma. The UDC party in Vaud is starting an initiative to criminalize begging in almost all areas in Lausanne. Motivation for the ban is the belief that the Rroma beggars are part of organized criminal networks that one does not want to support.

Sources:

  • Bourgeoise, Lise (2013) «Les Roms de Lausanne ne font pas partie d’un réseau». In: 24heures vom 8.4.2013.
  • Maspoli, Philippe (2013) «J’ai aidé des Roms et j’ai le sentiment d’avoir été arnaquée» In: 24heures vom 19.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Silence about one’s Origins

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Nadine Michollek (2013) from the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger reported on the many young Rroma in Germany who conceal their origins. Reasons for this concealment are deeply rooted in the prejudices of the majority towards Rroma, which make it all but impossible to speak about one’s origins. Many fear the loss of jobs, friends or customers. For Michollek, the negative perceptions and some romanticized stereotypes come from movies, operas, and especially media reports. Michollek further exposes the problem of well integrated and of marginalized Rroma. A first group of Rroma arrived already 600 years ago in Germany. The Sinti make most of their descendants. Already during the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and later under the Nazis, they were victims of exclusionary policies. Michollek sees the Sinti as excluded from the labour market whereas immigrants from the 1960s arriving from Yugoslavia, Spain, or Turkey, are described as successfully integrated in the labour market, a statement that must be questioned. Sinti tend to demarcate themselves from newer immigrants which speaks against this statement. The testimony of a young Rromni who explains the problem of silence as follows should provoke some thinking:

Sometimes I’m worried about my apprenticeship. At my workplace, I would not tell anyone that I’m a Gypsy woman. I was afraid that if something is missing, I would be made responsible, that people say, maybe it was so, that is indeed one of those. […] There are just too many prejudices, for example, that we steal and lie. My boyfriend and my best friend know. But many of my friends have spoken in front of me negatively on Roma and Sinti, and I just do not want them to think wrong about me.

Source:

  • Michollek, Nadine (2011) Schweigen über die Herkunft. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger vom 27.10.2011. 

19.04.2013 The History of Sufferings of Sinti and Roma

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Stankiewitz (2013) reports on the still poorly acknowledged destruction of Rroma under National Socialism. In the centre he presents the now eighty years old Hugo Höllenreiner, who is one of the few survivors of this crime of the State. Speaking at a memorial in the Munich town hall, Höllenreiner calls the horrors of the past back to life. About half a million Rroma were victims of systematic extermination policies of the National Socialists. Food for thoughts is the fact that theses crimes were only very insufficiently investigated. Stankiewitz emphasizes the often misinterpreted fact that the apparent wandering of the Rroma is not a willed way of life, but rather is the result from the fact that they were not allowed to settle anywhere. Forced to constantly wander, the stereotype of the vagabond Rroma was created. He notes:

It is certain in any case that the immigrant groups and extended families – like the Jews – were not allowed to settle, and he could only exercise certain professions. Thus, the stereotypes of the eternally wandering, nomadic, asocial, or the “free, funny gypsy life” were created. A kitschy representation in art, literature, film and operetta (“The Gypsy Baron”) which is maintained to this day.

At the end of the 19th Century, a systematic monitoring service on Rroma was established. The former police director Alfred Dillmann even set up a “Gypsy Police”, which was to be dedicated on the “containment of dangerous vagrancy”. In inflammatory articles published in the March 1912, “The Gypsy plague”, Rroma were accused of introducing epidemics and of terrorist activities. In Bavaria, in 1926, the “Gypsy and work-avoiders” laws, which among other things criminalised the “travel in hordes” were introduced. Besides this, however, there were always well integrated Rroma who were valued and respected in their professions,   mostly artisanal ones.

With the rise of the Nazis, the systematic criminalization of the Rroma in Germany began. Eugenicists such as Josef Mengele measured the physiognomy of members of the Rroma and presented abstruse theories of racial inferiority and relationships between physique and behaviour. Rroma were identified black triangles, the Rroma equivalent of the Jewish star,  and branded as anti-social and deported to concentration camps. After the war reparation were not paid, as it was claimed that no racial persecution had existed. Databases on travellers were continued well after the War and only disbanded in the 1970s. Stankiewitz concludes:

After the war, the persecuted Sinti and Roma had no political advocates in contrast to other groups of victims. The Höllreiner family, those who survived, were never compensated for their stolen property and for the time in camps. A reparation was out of the question after the Federal Court in 1956 decided that deportations of Rroma were not a racial persecution, but a “crime-preventive measure”.

Source:

  • Stankiewitz, Karl (2013) Es begann in Bayern. Vom Leidensweg der Sinti und Roma. In: Kulturvollzug vom 15.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 The Roma Image Studio

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The exhibition “The Roma Image Studio” in Berlin-Neukölln tackles the representation of Rroma in contemporary media. To this end, photographs and sculptures going image beyond the usual clichés are presented. Exhibition curator, André J. Raatzsch, emphasizes the importance of a critical audience, who, when viewing pejorative, romanticized and differentiated representation of Rroma can identify the latter and assess these as appropriate. The exhibition is part of the European cultural initiative. “Romanistan: Crossing Spaces in Europe”.

Source:

– Berlinonline (2013) Vernissage: “The Roma Image Studio”. In: Berlinonline vom 15.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Anina Ciuciu: A Gypsy woman fights against Stereotypes

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Courrèges (2013) tells the story the Gypsy woman Anina Cuiciu who is completing a study in law at the Sorbonne University. Cuicui has written a book about the life as a Gypsy woman. She now spends her time with the promotion of her book and learns for exams. In the book she writes about the stigma that they she experienced as a Rromni, Rroma being said to be dirty in school, and thus, they all kept their identity secret. She was born in Craiova in Romania. Her father lost his job due to a denunciation. After losing his job, her father saw no future for himself and his family in Romania. Followed the migration to France, a time of uncertainty and transition, without any solid structures. With the award of a ten-year right to stay and after a successful high school exam, Ciuciu gained confidence. Due to the injustices she experienced, she decided to study law and to write a book about her life. With its publication she wants to contribute t to the deconstruction of the negative stereotypes on Rroma and help them develop a positive self-image.

Source:

  • Courrèges, Emmanuelle (2013) Anina Ciuciu : une Rom contre les clichés. In: Elle (fr) vom 12.4.2013. 

19.04.2013 Open racism against Rroma “Seniorenbund” Calendar

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The paper “die Presse” (2013) reports on overt racism in the calendar of the Upper Austrian Federal Association of Retired people of the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). The paper warns senior citizens about the dangers of relatives impersonators. It states that: “offenders are mainly members of the Roma and Sinti. […] This ethnic group is very ruthless, exploiting their victims often up to the economic destruction of their existence.” A concerned citizen filed a complaint for incitation of racial hatred. A spokesperson of the Austrian People’s Party Association apologized for the inadequate representation, but justified the statement by noting that the wording had been taken unedited from straight the police. Sarközi Andreas, Head of the Cultural Association of Austrian Roma, denounced the formulation as a “stereotypical, racist and discriminatory” (the Press, 2013).

The problem of this racist formulation, in addition to their obvious incompatibility with Anti-Semitisms regulations, is that thousands of seniors receive this calendar and are therefore influenced by this one-sided picture of the Rroma. The authors of the contributions for this  calendar are not named, but the calendar is issued under the joint authorship of the Association of the Upper Austrian SAeniors, who thus bear the responsibility for the inappropriate statements (stone Lechner 2013).

Sources:

  • Die Presse (2013) Seniorenbund-Kalender: ‘Roma und Sinti sind skrupellos’. In: DiePresse.com vom 18.4.2013.
  • Steinlechner, Daniel (2013) Roma-Hetze bei ÖVP. In: News.at vom 18.4.2013. 

12.04.2013 Bremen SPD Excludes Martin Korol from the Party

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Wolschner (2013) reports on the exclusion of the politician Martin Korol from the SPD. The local politician had created a stir arranged with racist abuse towards Rroma that he had published as a position paper on its website. Last Monday Korol was officially excluded from the SPD. Group Executive Martin Tschöpe presented serious pejorative remarks against Rroma, migrants and women as a reason for exclusion. Included in the questionable statements were the following views:

The Roma and Sinti “still live socially and intellectually in the Middle Ages,” it said. In another text, it was stated that a representative could only be, “who has a German education”. On the subject of gender equality Korol said that the patriarchate “that society lost the balance”, but that the rule of women is no better, which shows the “madness of the so-called self-realization of women”, in “the pleasure of alienation of the particular job in a company and in the mass murder of abortions.“

Korol denied the allegations. They were hasty, kneejerk manifestations of an older man who culturally critical and who should rather have thought first and then written. This insight is unfortunately a bit late.

Source:

  • Wolschner, Klaus (2013) Martin Korol ganz privat. In: TAZ vom 8.4.2013.

12.04.2013 International Day of Rroma: Call to End Discrimination

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On the occasion of the International Day of the Rroma on April 8th, the Green Party decidedly demands an end to discrimination of Rroma in Europe. Too many Rroma are still excluded either by informal or explicit policies of social advancement and recognition. Since its inauguration in 1971 in London, the International Day of Rroma was celebrated 42 times, and the Green party criticized in particular the political exploitation of Rroma for purposes of election campaigns. This turns them into poverty refugees and makes them the targets of an emotionalised socio-political conflict. The Green Party calls for effective implementation of the EU initiated Rroma strategy, which up to now only had very modest successes.

The chairman of the Austrian Association of Rroma, Rudolf Sarközy stressed during the day, the constructive support of the Catholic Churchto bring the Rroma from the edge of society to get into its mainstream. Former Chancellor Franz Vranitzky openly criticized the anti-Roma policies in France, Hungary and other EU countries that are not really different from questionable practices usually found in emerging countries (Katholische Presseagentur Österreich 2013).

Stille (2013), on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary of the Rroma day, draws sober conclusions: Although with some 15 million members, Rroma are the largest minority in Europe, they are shockingly underrepresented in politics. Exclusion, discrimination and physical threats are still the norm. One builds walls, to isolate them from other settlements, extreme right-wing citizen militias patrol Rroma neighbourhoods and provoke and abuse Rroma and Rromnja. Nearly 60 years after the genocide of Rroma under the Nazis, this fact, in contrast to the Jewish Holocaust is barely recognised. The negative stereotypes that are attributed to Rroma continue unabated. War refugees from Kosovo are afraid of deportation to a country that they no longer know and where they are discriminated against. Romani Rose, of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma warns against blanket criminalization of people who are not looking to become delinquent, but are looking for a future. Finally, Stille states accurately:

Today, on World Roma Day, it is time for us to think about why German Roma for decades – many of them well-educated, well-integrated people – hide their belonging to this ethnic minority.

Sources:

  • Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (2013) Internationaler Roma-Tag: Diskriminierungen endlich beenden. In: Düsseldorfer Abendblatt vom 9.4.2013.
  • Katholische Presseagentur Österreich (2013) Roma-Tag: “Viele wissen nicht, wie gläubig wir sind”. In: Katholische Presseagentur Österreich vom 9.4.2013.
  • Stille, Klaus-Dieter (2013) „Roma“ heisst Mensch. In: Readers Edition vom 8.4.2013. 

12.04.2013 New Rroma Office in Freiburg

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The Rroma office in Freiburg inaugurated its new office in conjunction with the International Rroma day. Its aim is to better integrate local Rroma through language training and to sensitize mainstream society on minority issues and prejudices. Paradoxically, the Rroma office itself used some stereotypes, as traditional Rroma music was played, and visitors were able to ask a fortune-teller to predict their future. An exhibition about Rroma in the Ukraine during World War II allowed a historical reflection. Posters talked about the suffering and persecution of Rroma under the Nazi terror.

URL: http://www.roma-buero-freiburg.eu

Source:

  • Gesell, Sina (2013) Roma-Büro Freiburg weiht seine neuen Geschäftsräume ein. In: Badische Zeitung vom 10.4.2013.   

12.04.2013 Travel Ban for Serbian Rroma

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The TAZ reported on Rroma families in Belgrade who want to try their luck in Germany or have already done it and were expelled back. Jacob (2013) visited the families in the slums around Belgrade. He represents the common image of misery: Lots of waste, high unemployment, misery, little or no prospects for the future. Ajrija Demir already tried twice her luck in Germany. A total of seven years she lived there and had to leave again twice. Since the EU threatened Serbia to reintroduce a visa requirement, controls at the borders against potential asylum abuser were enforced by Serbia. The border guards are to identify “false asylum seekers” – on what criteria this is done, Jacob does not discuss – and send them back on arbitrary grounds. In December 2012, the Serbian judiciary introduced Article 350a into the penal code criminalising “help for wrongful asylum claim abroad or for wrongfully obtaining welfare”. Dadruch Rroma are able to consciously leave them held Serbia. This practice is contrary to the UN Convention on Human Rights where the right to emigrate from one country – one’s own or another – is postulated. Jacob laconically states that:

The civil rights activist Vukovic would be happy to challenge the exit restrictions in court, but can not find any plaintiff. “Rroma do not dare to go against the state,” she says. The visa waiver is the most important government’s asset, and it wants to retain it. “For this they sacrifice the basic rights of the Roma.”

Source:

  • Jakob, Christian (2013) An der Grenze zurückgeschickt. In: TAZ vom 9.4.2013. 

05.04.2013 Economic Promotion of Rroma Women in the Balkans

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On the occasion of the International Day of the Rroma on April 8th, the humanitarian organization CARE announced that they increasingly want to support Rroma women in the Balkans. The economic promotion of Rromani women is one of the best ways to improve the poverty issue of Rroma in the long term. The World Bank estimates that the successful integration of Rroma could generate an annual additional value from 3.4 to 9.9 billion euro in the labour market.

Source:

  • Wilke, Sabine (2013) Internationaler Tag der Roma: “Alternativen zur Auswanderung bieten”. In: Presseportal Deutschland vom 5.4.2013. 

05.04.2013 Forced Return of Rroma in Kosovo

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Bahri Cani (2013) reported about the fate of some 2500 Rroma who left Germany in the last three years and had to go back to Kosovo. The forced return destroyed lives and families that were built up over years in the new home. Often these victims of forced returns speak little or only very poorly Albanian and Serbian, as they are grew up in Germany. The school thus becomes a major challenge. The deportations are the result of a bilateral agreement between Kosovo and Germany, which were ratified in 2010 and enables simplified deportations. Back in Kosovo, returnees are confronted with high unemployment rates and a lack of integration. Many of the deportees see no future for themselves in Kosovo.

Source:

  • Cani, Bahri (2013) Traum von der Rückkehr nach Deutschland. In: Deutsche Welle vom 1.4.2013. 

05.04.2013 Rolf Bauerdick’s book “Gypsies – Encounters with Unloved People”

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Andrea Seibel (2013) of the newspaper “Die Welt” discusses the latest publication of the journalist Rolf Bauerdick. She describes him as routined Southeast Europe traveller, who is willing to lift the veil of political correctness and breach facts openly. This may be true to a certain degree, for example when she reports on Bauerdick’s criticism of Roma experts who speak about the situation of Rroma with no experience of reality or when he criticizes the role of victim, in which Rroma will often let themselves be pushed into. On the other hand Bauerdick alleged insolence towards the political correctness can also be called ignorance especially when Seibel presents pejorative representations as revelations and when externally assigned names such as “gypsies” are presented as endonyms:

Wherever they came, they wrecked the entire infrastructure. He experienced the family of the Romanian Gabor where men never worked and always found excuses as to why. They drank even more, beat their wives, because they were also drinking, after they had been beaten and got an infinite number of children who are not allowed to go to school. A narrow, dirty, rough, desperate world.

Such statements may reflect part of the reality, but they can be from the perspective of the politically correct, they are just stupid as they confirm the standard stereotypes in the minds of many people.

Seibels finds the strength of the book in a presentation that neither glorifies nor damns. Bauerdick presents the plurality of Roma ways of life, speaks about individuals, and not of “the Roma”, a presentation which must necessarily falls short. He also speaks of the much-quoted exclusion from mainstream society and from the own responsibility in face of the exploitation of the Rroma by Rroma. He sees this exploitation of Rroma by Rroma as an important factor. This factor is equally to be discussed as the tales of ​​Rroma kings and criminally organized Rroma clans. Bauerdick notes:

The oppressive circumstance to which the criminal sociologist Szilveszter Poćzik points s often concealed. One in two adults and three out of four juvenile delinquents in Hungarian prisons are Roma. And that with a population of eight percent. That the inter-ethnic criminality is by far surpassed by the intra-ethnic violence is concealed. Most victims of the Roma are themselves Roma, beaten women, abused girls and exploited children. And the voices of those Gypsies who depart from this cartel of silence are themselves concealed. (Bauerdick 2013: 149)

Bauerdicks focus on field research and the social reality of his Interview partner is certainly laudable. The fact that the work of intellectuals is so vehemently discredited, testifies to an ignorance of epistemological and political force that can also be applied in the form of knowledge itself. Anyone whose exclusive concern are the visible ones tends to overlook the existence of social structures and power relations that exist beyond the visible Rroma slums. He also neglects the invisible Rroma, to which access is exceedingly more difficult to find than that of Roma in the slums on the outskirts of cities.

In his article for ‘die Welt” Bauerdick (2013) presents his view of the massive exploitation of Rroma by Rroma. He finds the desperate situation of many Rroma to be only mkarginally caused by exclusion, and more to be the result of internal exploitation. He notes:

With their stereotypical racism allegations, Roma politicians have for decades dominated all discussions, without any marked improvement of the situation of Gypsies. They hide the fact that the Roma are less exploited by the dominant part of the population than by the members of their own ethnic group. The Roma themselves suffer most from child abuse, women trafficking and prostitution, under usury, extortion and organised theft.

How uncritically he reports on Rroma kings and organized traffickers astonishes, especially as the existence and relevance have been repeatedly deemed questionable. In particular, the plausibility of the existence of an organized supervision and punishment structure, which would be necessary for such structures. Bauerdick’s thesis of the prevalence of self-exclusion among Rroma is also to be critically looked at. If all related, then exploitation is the result of exclusion, which turned into self-discrimination. To consider these themes separately and to consider them independent is a testimony of the lack of knowledge about the relationship of individuals and groups to society. Internal and external views can never be considered separately from each other, and are mutually dependent. Discrediting the exclusion of Rroma as an exaggeration simplifies the issue unnecessarily. This exclusion leads to apathy towards improving their own situation, but it is not a voluntarily act.

Sources:

  • Bauerdick, Rolf (2013) Zigeuner: Begegnungen mit einem ungeliebten Volk. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  • Bauerdick, Rolf (2013) Wer ist Schuld am Elend der Zigeuner? In: Die Welt vom 25.3.2013.
  • Seibel, Andrea (2013) Das gar nicht lustige Zigeunerleben. In: Die Welt vom 19.3.2013.
  • Nennt euch Nazis wenn Ihr uns Zigeuner nennt! Rolf Bauerdick. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKZnXZ0QrYk

05.04.2013 Rroma in Hungary

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The film “Csak a szél” (Just the Wind) by Bence Fliegauf thematises the increasing racism against Rroma in Hungary, why does not shy at physical violence. At the centre of the movie is a real series of attacks that occured between 2008 and 2009 and which killed 55 Rroma. Right-wing extremists set fire to Rroma houses at night and shot the Rroma fleeing from the fire. The protagonists in the film are the children of a Rroma family and each deals differently with the rampant hatred. While the sister tries to ignore the daily taunts and normally goes to school, the brother stays away from school and remains holed up in a hideout. The film won the Grand Jury Prize at the Berlin Film Festival 2012 and is running this week in the Salzburg cinemas.

Newsat (2013) reported on the plans of Hungarian nightclubs to introduce a 10% quota for minorities such as the Rroma. The Office for National and Ethnic Minorities is undertaking a referendum against this racist law project.

Source:

  • Newsat (2013) Roma-Quoten in Lokalen? In: Newsat vom 31.3.2013.
  • Miedl, Magdalena (2013) „Just the Wind“: Ungarns Roma in Angst vor Rassisten. In: Salzburger Nachrichten vom 3.4.2013.

05.04.2013 Rroma Requiem in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust

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Frankfurt Rroma Orchestra has been rehearsing a requiem by the Swiss composer Roger Moreno Rathgeb in memory of the victims of the Holocaust. Rathgeb comes from a Swiss Sinti family. After a visit to Auschwitz, he was so moved that he had to take a long break from work on the Requiem. In addition to its function as remembrance and as a vehicle force thoughts, the Requiem is also a commentary on the classical views on gypsy music. The music of the Romany is simply not just a collection of quickly played notes on the violin with lots of singing but also, as Rathgeb composition shows, has influences ranging from classical, Arabic elements, and Central European folk music from the 19th Century. The Requiem is also contribution to the further thoughts within the public on the often negated genocide of the Rroma under the Nazis. At its premiere in Hungary was presented by the philanthropist George Soros. He challenged the often-heard opinion that Rroma primarily exclude themselves out of society, and stated it is a governmental and social exclusion that must be overcome.

Source:

  • Malachowski, Marcel (2013) Musik als Reflex der Vergangenheit. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung vom 5.4.2013.

05.04.2013 Segregation in Slovakia

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Aaron Lake Smith (2013) reported on the continued segregation of Rroma in Slovakia. The fire in the Castle of Krásna Hôrka in March 2012, which was attributed to arson by two Rroma boys, gave rise to an increase in the discrimination of Rroma in Slovakia. Nationalist movements and among them for example politician Marian Kotleba reasoned that the stereotypes about Rroma are true and unavoidable. Open xenophobia against Rroma in the Hlinka Slovak People’s Party, a party which has the same name as the fascist regime during World War Two, is not unusual. Rroma are the cause for the discrimination against “honest people”, the ethnic Slovaks. Followers of Hlinka support geographical segregation of the Rroma in reservations or even their extermination modelled after the one of the Jews by the Nazis. The one billion dollars in development funds that the EU and the World Bank provided for inclusion of Rroma in the workforce, the schools and the social community seem to have borne little fruits and have often been diverted to realize local pet projects of municipalities. An interviewed member of parliament sees these funds as an pretext to help prevent the migration of the Rroma in the West, where they also are usually undesirable.

Smith then goes on about the history of Rroma in Eastern Europe. Under the Soviet Union rule, they were generally well integrated into the workforce, the official policy being at full employment. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, they were progressively excluded in segregated suburbs. Paradoxically, the new minority status led to more exclusion and to less protection, mainly because it was soon politicized and instrumentalised. Rroma are also discriminated because of their purportedly poor hygiene. Rhat hygiene should not be judged based only on observations of the conditions of gardens and courtyards is not part of this discussion. Until 2004, according to the journalists, forced sterilizations of Rroma women were undertaken. From the State’s perspective, these women exploited the social system by excessively drawing on children’s allocations. The segregation of Rroma children in Slovakia continues to this day. Many are excluded from regular schools by fictitious diagnosis of disabilities.

A section is devoted to the fate of Rroma during World War II. The persecution and extermination of approximately 500,000 to 1.5 million Rroma by the Nazis was historically never really acknowledged. One explanation for this omission is the no less racist reasonning that Rroma were persecuted and killed by the Nazis, not for racial reasons, but because of their anti-social and criminal behaviour. Lake Smith concludes his article with a statement of his journalist colleagues Markus Pape that the nationalisms of Eastern Europe are the result of a crisis of identity after the fall of the Soviet bloc. In this new form of identity, there is no room for Rroma.

Source:

  • Lake Smith, Aaron (2013) The New Roma Ghettos. Slowakia’s Ongoing Segregation Nightmare. In: Vice United States vom 4.4.2013. 

05.04.2013 Forced Return of Rroma in Kosovo

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Bahri Cani (2013) reported about the fate of some 2500 Rroma who left Germany in the last three years and had to go back to Kosovo. The forced return destroyed lives and families that were built up over years in the new home. Often these victims of forced returns speak little or only very poorly Albanian and Serbian, as they are grew up in Germany. The school thus becomes a major challenge. The deportations are the result of a bilateral agreement between Kosovo and Germany, which were ratified in 2010 and enables simplified deportations. Back in Kosovo, returnees are confronted with high unemployment rates and a lack of integration. Many of the deportees see no future for themselves in Kosovo.

Source:

  • Cani, Bahri (2013) Traum von der Rückkehr nach Deutschland. In: Deutsche Welle vom 1.4.2013. 
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